You have chosen isolation materials, but how to proceed further, where to start from the insulation of walls, floor, or first do the insulation of the ceiling? What insulation materials are most often used for thermal insulation?
The choice of suitable insulating material is only the first step of successful isolation of the house. But how to properly use thermal insulation? Thermal insulation is usually used for the outer shell of the house, that is, for walls, ceiling, basement or floor. For each of these purposes, as a rule, several different materials are used: polystyrene, polyurethane, mineral wool or fiberglass, cellulose fibers, straw or wool.
To isolate an unheated basement, polystyrene foam can be used in the form of sheets that glue to the ceiling, as on the facade of the house.
Let’s first see how to properly insulate the house from the outer walls of the house. The most commonly used plates of heat -insulating material are glued to the wall or to other surfaces with special fasteners, finished with thin plaster. The most common material is polystyrene foam for the facade, recently they begin to produce gray polystyrene with graphite, which helps to reduce thermal conductivity and reduce the thickness of the insulation by about 15%.
This isolation method has proven itself in old houses with complete brick walls. The problem may arise when the wall itself is well -insulated, it has high heat resistance. In this case, the thermal resistance of the walls is almost the same as the thermal resistance of the insulation. In large frosts, moisture condensation is possible on the walls, which has a negative impact on the general thermal insulation capabilities of the structure.
The thermal resistance of the wall is almost the same as the thermal resistance of the insulation and temperature at the wall border and isolation is somewhere halfway between the inner and external temperature.
Elimination of condensate is possible as a way to increase insulation to a thickness of 200 mm, but these are already quite thick walls and at the same time the problems of another plan may occur. Another option is the use of a material that has a significantly higher vapor permeability, that is, a slab from mineral wool in the ventilated facade system.
When isolating high -rise buildings, it is necessary to use mineral wool in the place of foaming polystyrene for reference to fire safety in the place of foam. In addition, the insulation of the walls of wooden structures is often profitable to make mineral wool, which is elastic enough and easily fills the space between the supporting elements.
How to properly warm the house in the area of the foundation, or foundation plates? Basically used slabs from extruded polystyrene foam, which completely fails to moisture and can be used in such places. For the same purpose as isolation materials, you can also use foam from glass particles (plates or granules).
When the thermal insulation of the house is carried out, the plates of thermal insulation material are glued to the wall and fixed with fasteners, and the surface is finished with thin plaster.
In an unheated basement, as a rule, isolate the ceiling. For this purpose, use polystyrene foam slabs, they are glued to the ceiling, as well as to the facade. Mineral wool or glass wool, which can then be closed with drywall, can be used for insulation of the basement of the basement.